What economic phenomenon occurs when prices increase faster than the value of the goods and services?

The phenomenon where prices increase faster than the value of goods and services is known as inflation. During inflation, the general level of prices rises, eroding purchasing power, which means consumers are able to buy less with the same amount of money. This situation can be driven by various factors, including increased demand for goods and services, rising production costs, or expansionary monetary policy.

Inflation is significant because it affects consumers' ability to afford goods and services and can influence economic decisions such as saving and investment. It is typically measured using indices like the Consumer Price Index (CPI) or the Producer Price Index (PPI). Understanding inflation is crucial for assessing the health of an economy, as moderate inflation can indicate growth, while high inflation can lead to economic instability.