What term refers to the physical development of a country, including buildings, roads, and communication networks?

The term that refers to the physical development of a country, including buildings, roads, and communication networks, is infrastructure. Infrastructure encompasses all the essential systems and structures that support the economic and social activities of a country. This includes transportation networks like highways and railroads, utilities such as water supply and electricity, communication systems, and public facilities.

When a country invests in its infrastructure, it can enhance connectivity, improve quality of life, and boost economic growth by facilitating trade and industrial activities. The development of strong infrastructure is critical for enabling businesses to operate efficiently and for ensuring that citizens have access to necessary services. This term is distinct from others that may refer to broader concepts, such as economy, which encompasses all economic activities and systems, urbanization, which is the process of population movement to urban areas, and industrialization, which focuses on the development of industries and manufacturing processes.